Switching from Cigarettes to Heated Tobacco Products in Japan—Potential Impact on Health Outcomes and Associated Health Care Costs

Considering the heterogeneous prevalence rates, a one-size-fits-all tobacco control approach is ineffective. Japan should prioritize cost-efficient measures that promote public health and economic benefits. Encouraging smokers to switch to reduced-risk products, raising awareness of health risks, and adopting a harm-based taxation model can drive positive change. Public-private partnerships can further enhance harm reduction efforts. With a combination of tax reforms, revised regulations, collaborations, and ongoing research, Japan can create a more effective and comprehensive approach to tobacco control.