Off-Label Pediatric Medication Prescribing and Dispensing: Awareness and Attitudes among Community Pharmacists: A Questionnaire-Based Study

Off-label practice in pediatrics requires relentless engagement from all the health professionals involved. Community pharmacists are the last ones in the prescribing-dispensing chain; therefore, they have the key responsibility of verifying the correctness of a treatment. A cross-sectional study was conducted for assessing the awareness and views of Romanian community pharmacists, regarding off-label drugs in the pediatric population, through a 28-item questionnaire comprising five sections of different topics (general knowledge, frequency of prescribing and dispensing off-label medication, views, and attitudes). The sample size was 236 questionnaires with a response rate of 41.11%. A statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed with GraphPad Prism v.9. The results indicate that 55.1% of the community pharmacists have a good general knowledge and awareness regarding the off-label practice, although the legal frame is unclear. The responses highlight a high frequency of prescribing and request of medication for respiratory conditions (45.3%) and antibiotics (23.5%), with a concerning gap regarding the adverse events related to the off-label treatments (56.7%). A very small percentage of pharmacists (7.1%) contact a fellow healthcare professional when encountering an off-label prescription. In conclusion, in addition to the pharmacist's conduct towards the best interest of the patient, there is a clear need to improve the doctor-pharmacist collaboration in order to make an off-label treatment successful.