Electrically switchable 2N-channel wave-front control for certain functionalities with N cascaded polarization-dependent metasurfaces

Metasurfaces with tunable functionalities are greatly desired for modern optical system and various applications. To increase the operating channels of polarization-multiplexed metasurfaces, we proposed a structure of N cascaded dual-channel metasurfaces to achieve 2^N electrically switchable channels without intrinsic loss or cross-talk for certain functionalities, including beam steering, vortex beam generation, lens, etc. As proof of principles, we have implemented a 3-layer setup to achieve 8 channels. In success, we have demonstrated two typical functionalities of vortex beam generation with switchable topological charge of l = -3 ~ +4 or l = -1 ~ -8, and beam steering with the deflection direction switchable in an 8×1 line or a 4×2 grid. We believe that our proposal would provide a practical way to significantly increase the scalability and extend the functionality of polarization-multiplexed metasurfaces. Although this method is not universal, it is potential for the applications of LiDAR, glasses-free 3D display, OAM (de)multiplexing, and varifocal meta-lens.