Semi-Active Vibration Control for Wind Turbines: A Variable Tuned Mass Damper Approach Utilizing 1st Modal and 3P Tuning

Vibration in wind turbine towers poses a significant threat to the service life and structural integrity of wind turbines. Dampers have been identified as a pivotal strategy for alleviating such vibrations. Despite this, the dynamic behavior of large-scale offshore wind turbines is frequently swayed by wind shear, the tower shadow effect, and the Rotor-Nacelle Assembly (RNA) control system, typically manifesting as responses to the blade passing frequency (3P). To mitigate these vibrations, this study introduces a 3P tuning method for tuned mass dampers (TMDs), alongside a sophisticated design approach that targets optimal frequency and damping ratios. The integration of a semi-active variable-tuned mass damper (SA-V-TMD) offers a dual-mode control solution: The “3P tuning mode” adeptly manages vibrations across a spectrum of operating conditions, while the “1st modal frequency tuning mode” stabilizes the structure during parked states. Simulations substantiate the 3P tuning method’s enhanced efficacy over standard methods under operational conditions. Furthermore, the SA-V-TMD demonstrates superior effectiveness and stability in comparison to traditional TMDs, underscoring its potential as a preeminent solution in wind turbine vibration management.