Tolerance ethics in voltaire: a rhetorical construction of the boundaries of tolerance through law

The article examines Voltaire's relevance as a philosopher, highlighting his defense of tolerance in the Enlightenment of the 18th century and his influence, particularly in law and the separation of religious and governmental institutions. The study focuses on the case of Jean Calas to illustrate the consequences of religious intolerance in French society at the time, emphasizing the importance of tolerance, fragmentation, and plurality for human coexistence. The conclusion underscores the convergence between Voltaire's axiology and realistic rhetoric, the adopted methodology, in the pursuit of tolerance and understanding historical contingency and human precariousness. The emphasis on the relativity of truth and the acceptance of diversity is shared by Voltaire's philosophy and realistic rhetoric, contributing to the construction of a more tolerant society.