Paraptosis and Other Types of Non-Apoptotic Regulated Cell Death

The review is devoted to modern ideas about paraptosis, as one of the types of regulated cell death, in comparison with other types of cell death. Paraptosis is a form of cell death caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress, accompanied by an accumulation of damaged or misfolded proteins, extensive non-autophagic vacuolation of cisterns of endoplasmic reticulum and, in some cases, mitochondria, with subsequent damage to mitochondria, the cytoskeleton, and cell death. The knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of paraptosis is of interest for the treatment of cancers resistant to apoptosis-inducing agents.