Estimation of green total factor productivity and green efficiency in Jordan based on the Super-SBM model

Purpose The study aims to estimate Green Total Factor Productivity (GTFP) and green efficiency in Jordan. Design/methodology/approach This study used the Super-SBM model. Findings The study found significant progress in green factor productivity from 2014 to 2022, more significant than the total ordinary productivity. Also, environmental efficiency rebounded to reach its peak in the period from 2020 to 2022, where the efficiency value reached one, which can be attributed to the government's adoption of many policies focusing on using green energy methods in production processes, especially in the use of solar energy and waste recycling, and the use of energy-saving machines, particularly encouraging the use of electric cars. Originality/value The primary contribution of this study can be summarized in evaluating the results of growth calculation with the results of the Super-SBM model to calculate green efficiency by identifying appropriate and undesirable outputs. This provides a new perspective in studying GTFP and fills the gap in the theoretical understanding of green development strategy.