The Multi-Cluster Two-Wave Fading Model

We introduce and characterize the Multi-cluster Two-Wave (MTW) fading model, which generalizes <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">both</i> the Durgin’s Two-Wave with Diffuse Power (TWDP) and the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\kappa $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> models under a common umbrella. The MTW model consists of an arbitrary number of clusters of waves each of which may include one or two dominant (specular) components. The chief probability functions of the MTW fading model are obtained, including the probability density function, the cumulative distribution function and the generalized moment-generating function. The proposed model is empirically validated using channel measurements in the sub-THz band and a number of applications are exemplified, including the outage probability in noise-limited and interference-limited scenarios and the energy detection probability. A composite Inverse Gamma (IG)/MTW model is also investigated, thus extending the proposed propagation model to include shadowing.