Graph Neural Networks and Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Resource Allocation for V2X Communications

In the rapidly evolving landscape of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) technology, cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communication has attracted much attention due to its superior performance in coverage, latency, and throughput. Resource allocation within C-V2X is crucial for ensuring the transmission of safety information and meeting the stringent requirements for ultralow latency and high reliability in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. This article proposes a method that integrates graph neural networks (GNNs) with deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to address this challenge. By constructing a dynamic graph with communication links as nodes and employing the graph sample and aggregation (GraphSAGE) model to adapt to changes in graph structure, the model aims to ensure a high success rate for V2V communication while minimizing interference on vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) links, thereby ensuring the successful transmission of V2V link information and maintaining high transmission rates for V2I links. The proposed method retains the global feature learning capabilities of GNN and supports distributed network deployment, allowing vehicles to extract low-dimensional features that include structural information from the graph network based on local observations and to make independent resource allocation decisions. Simulation results indicate that the introduction of GNN, with a modest increase in computational load, effectively enhances the decision-making quality of agents, demonstrating superiority to other methods. This study not only provides a theoretically efficient resource allocation strategy for V2V and V2I communications but also paves a new technical path for resource management in practical IoV environments.