Study on the mechanism of ROS-induced oxidative stress injury and the broad-spectrum antimicrobial performance of nickel ion-doped V6O13 powder

In this study, pure V₆O₁₃ and nickel ion-doped V₆O₁₃ powders were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal-calcination method, and their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and mechanisms were investigated. The crystal structure, morphology, and chemical state of the powders were thoroughly analyzed by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and UV-Vis. Their antimicrobial properties and mechanisms were evaluated by the ring of inhibition, bio-SEM, live-dead cell staining, ROS detection, and protein leakage experiments. The results showed that nickel ion doping modulated the oxygen defects of V₆O₁₃, generating more reactive oxygen species and leading to more severe oxidative stress, resulting in a broad-spectrum and highly efficient antimicrobial effect. This study also revealed the antimicrobial mechanism based on oxygen defect -induced ROS production, which caused cellular oxidative stress damage, leading to leakage of intracellular substances and cell death. This study not only demonstrates the potential of V₆O₁₃ as an efficient antimicrobial agent but also provides a strong experimental basis and theoretical support for the engineering design and optimization of novel antimicrobial materials by modulating material defects through ion doping.