Economic and environmental benefits of optimized waste transportation routes in Khulna

Urban transportation is a big source of pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Khulna City handles the waste of 1.23 million people daily, using Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles (HDDV) that release major environmental pollutants. The current waste transportation routes lack proper planning, leading to extra fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. This study aims to reduce fuel consumption and socio-environmental costs by improving waste transportation routes. Present collection routes, collecting points, and the speed of 30 waste collector vehicles were tracked using GPS devices for ten months between July 2023 and April 2024. The network dataset was modified according to four types of waste collector vehicles. ArcGIS Pro was used to find the optimal paths and their lengths. Fuel usage and prices were estimated using simple fuel consumption rate calculations. The lengths of current and optimal routes were used in COPERT to measure pollutant emissions. The results show that improved routes lower fuel consumption costs by approximately USD 55.39 per day and CO2 emissions by about 38.242 tonnes per year. Reductions in CO, CH 4 , NMVOC, NO 2 , PM 10 , and PM 2.5 were roughly 9.3%, 9.53%, 9.21%, 9.29%, 9.35%, and 9.3%, respectively. This study demonstrates a comprehensive approach for improving solid waste management covering both financial efficiency and environmental effects.