Openness to Experience predicts eye movement behavior during scene viewing

Introduction: Individuals’ abilities to perform on-demand, goal-directed spatial deployments of attention are distinguishable from their broader preferences for how they deploy their attention when circumstances do not compel a specific deployment strategy. Although these preferences are likely to play a major role in dictating how we interact with the visual world during daily life, they remain relatively understudied. The present study investigated two key questions about preferences for the deployment of spatial attention: firstly, are individuals consistent in their preferences for how they deploy their spatial attention when making shifts of attention versus adopting an attentional breadth? Secondly, which other factors are associated with these preferences? Methods: Across two experiments, we measured how participants preferred to deploy both attentional breadth (using an adapted Navon task) and exploratory eye-movement behaviour (using a free-viewing recall task). We also measured participants’ working memory capacities (Experiment 1), as well as their personalities and world beliefs (Experiment 2). Results: Across both experiments, individual differences in preference for attentional breadth and eye movement characteristics were consistently observed, but these two kinds of preference were unrelated to each other. Working memory capacity was not linked to these preferences. However, the personality trait of Openness to Experience robustly predicted two aspects of eye movement behaviour preference (saccade amplitude and scan path length). Higher levels of Openness predicted smaller saccades and shorter scan paths. Conclusions: These findings suggest that personality dimensions may predict preferences for more absorbed engagement with visual information. However, it appears that individuals’ preferences for shifts of attention during scene viewing do not necessarily relate to the breadth of attention they choose to adopt.