Understanding Sustainable Development in Somaliland: a Case Study of Amoud University's Master of Science in Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability Graduates and Environmental Professionals' Perspectives

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the understanding and application of sustainable development principles among graduates of the Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability (CCES) program at Amoud University, Somaliland, and other key stakeholders. The research sought to understand how individuals perceive sustainable development and how these perceptions translate into action within a context marked by environmental challenges and limited resources. Theoretical Framework: The study draws upon the concept of sustainable development as defined by the Brundtland Report, emphasizing intergenerational equity and the interconnectedness of environmental, economic, and social dimensions. It incorporates the role of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in fostering critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and a sense of responsibility towards the environment. Method: The study employed a qualitative, cross-sectional tracer survey design. Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. Participants included CCES graduates, officials from relevant ministries, NGO representatives, and Amoud University faculty. Thematic analysis was conducted using a co-production approach, consistent with ESD principles. Results and Discussion: The study revealed a significant gap between theoretical understanding and practical application of sustainable development. Respondents highlighted a lack of cohesive national framework, inadequate policy enforcement, limited resources, and a reliance on external actors. Charcoal production was used as a case study to illustrate the complex interplay of environmental, economic, and social factors, revealing the need for integrated solutions that address both environmental and economic concerns. The study also emphasizes the importance of incorporating traditional knowledge systems alongside scientific expertise to foster a more holistic and sustainable approach to environmental management. Research Implications: The findings highlight the need for a paradigm shift in how sustainable development is understood and implemented in Somaliland. Key recommendations include developing a national SD framework, strengthening institutional capacity, investing in education and awareness, promoting sustainable economic activities, strengthening governance and enforcement, and supporting research and innovation. Originality/Value: This study provides unique insights into the perceptions and actions related to sustainable development among CCES graduates in Somaliland. It contributes to the broader literature on sustainable development in developing countries, particularly in the context of fragile states and conflict-affected regions, emphasizing the need for contextually relevant approaches, multi-stakeholder engagement, and a strong focus on education and capacity building. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners seeking to develop a more effective and sustainable development strategy for Somaliland.