Numerical analysis of unsteady free convection of Al2O3 inside a tubular reactor under the influences of exothermic reaction, and inclined MHD as an application to chemical reactor

• This work explores the Magnetohydrodynamic heat convection and exothermic chemical reaction in a cavity filed with nanofluid. • The orientation of the enclosure has a great influence on the average Nu. • Nu avg decrease with the increase of Ha number. Furthermore. • Nu avg increases with the increase of volume concentration. This paper delves into the numerical investigation of aluminum oxide–water nanofluid thermal and dynamic performances under the influences of magnetic field application and chemical reaction, utilizing the Finite Element Method within a circular enclosure containing three inner tubes, as an application to the heat exchanging phenomenon between the reactive shell of the cavity and the surface of the triple tubes. Various governing parameters were studied for their interaction on the nanofluid flow and heat transmission rate within the proposed geometry, including the Rayleigh parameter ( 10 3 ≤ R a ≤ 10 5 ), Hartmann parameter ( 0 ≤ H a ≤ 61 ), nanoparticles concentration ( 0 ≤ ∅ ≤ 6 × 10 - 2 ), magnetic rotational angle ( 0 o ≤ γ ≤ 90 o ), and Frank-Kamenetskii parameter ( 0 ≤ F k ≤ 3 ). The results indicated that raising Ra from 10 3 to 10 5 results in expediting the nanofluid velocity by 10.62 % and 100 % respectively as well as raising the total heat transfer efficiency. The nanofluid speed was also increased by 28.57 % when F k has to further increase to a value of 3. When there was no exothermic activity present, the rate of heat transmission was at its lowest, and it was greater when the F k value was 3. Similarly, there were discernible impacts in various areas of the geometry as the Ha number intensified and the Nu avg decreased. Improvements in local and mean Nusselt parameters are observed when the concentration of nanoparticles is increased, suggesting better heat transfer, achieving an increase by 7 % in the average Nusselt number. This research emphasizes the importance of nanoparticle concentration in raising the medium’s rates of heat transmission, contributing to advancements in energy storage development.