Male-based key to the subfamilies and genera of Malagasy ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

The males of the family Formicidae of the Malagasy region, including the islands of the southwest Indian Ocean (Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion, Comoros, and Seychelles) are reviewed. A male-based synopsis of each subfamily and genera are provided. A richly illustrated male-based key to the eight subfamilies and 72 genera for which males are known are provided. The key is specific to the ant genera and species of the Malagasy region. Terminologies for morphology and wing cells are also reviewed. The keys are a product of three decades of collecting across the region. Despite efforts to collect males for all genera, males from five genera (<i>Brachyponera</i>, <i>Chrysapace</i>, <i>Dicroaspis</i>, <i>Linepithema</i>, <i>Ochetellus</i>) were included in the keys based on males from species collected outside the region, and males from one genus (<i>Parvaponera</i>) are unknown globally and not included in the key.