Stochastic topological systems in arrays of optical tweezers under thermal activation

Topology has become important in understanding condensed matter physics and photonics, such as the quantum Hall effect. Recently, interest has grown in applying topology to stochastic systems, including biological active matter. In this study, we explore stochastic topological physics using optically levitated particles in arrays of optical tweezers. We describe the particle dynamics with the Langevin and master equations, mapping the latter to a tight-binding model called the Markov network. By changing the escape rates between traps, we create the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model and show the existence of topologically protected edge states. Our theoretical and simulation results connect the decay rates of particles at certain sites to these topological states. This research provides, to our knowledge, a new way to study topological physics in stochastic systems with the precise control and measurement capabilities of optical tweezers.