Niosomes loaded with gold nanoparticles for enhanced radiation therapy in lung cancer

<b>Aim:</b> The present investigation aimed to develop niosomes containing gold nanoparticles (Nio-AuNPs) and to evaluate the combinational effect of Nio-AuNPs and x-ray radiation therapy (XRT) on growth inhibition potential and induction of apoptosis in the A549 cell line.<b>Materials & methods:</b> Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized, and niosomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method. Various techniques were employed to determine their physiochemical characteristics. MTT assay, cell apoptosis analysis and combination index analysis were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic feasibility of Nio-AuNPs combined with XRT.<b>Results:</b> The combination of Nio-AuNPs and XRT resulted in greater cytotoxicity compared with XRT alone or with AuNPs.<b>Conclusion:</b> The AuNPs-loaded niosomal formulation enhances the efficacy of XRT on lung cancer cells <i>in vitro</i>, presenting a promising and effective therapeutic strategy.