Vehicle Selection for C-V2X Mode 4-Based Federated Edge Learning Systems

As the rise of information and communication technology, the cooperative work of vehicles has become crucial in realizing Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Federated learning (FL) is a promising technology to protect vehicles' privacy in IoV. Vehicles with limited computation capacity may face a large computational burden associated with FL. Federated edge learning (FEEL) systems are introduced to solve such a problem. In FEEL systems, vehicles adopt the cellular-vehicle to everything (C-V2X) mode 4 to upload encrypted data to road side units' (RSUs) cache queue. Then, RSUs train the data transmitted by vehicles, update the local model hyperparameters, and send back results to vehicles, thus, vehicles' computational burden can be released. However, each RSU has limited cache queue. To maintain the stability of cache queue and maximize the accuracy of model, it is essential to select appropriate vehicles to upload data. The vehicle selection method for FEEL systems faces challenges due to the random departure of data from the cache queue caused by the stochastic channel and the different system status of vehicles. This article proposes a vehicle selection method for FEEL systems that aims to maximize the accuracy of model while keeping the cache queue stable. Extensive simulation experiments demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms other baseline selection methods.