Robust Precoding for Massive MIMO LEO Satellite Localization Systems

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks combined with massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology are expected to support ubiquitous localization with enhanced gains. This paper investigates robust precoding for massive MIMO LEO satellite localization systems under imperfect prior knowledge on user terminals' position. Specifically, we first characterize the signal propagation properties, and derive the squared position error bound (SPEB) to evaluate the localization performance. Then, under imperfect prior position knowledge, we formulate a worst-case sum SPEB minimization problem and propose a codebook-based robust precoding scheme. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed robust precoding scheme for massive MIMO LEO satellite localization.