Study on the Ecotoxicity Assessment and Real-Time Monitoring Applicability of Hazardous and Noxious Substances (HNS) Discharged from Marine Industrial Facilities Using the Bioluminescence Inhibition Rate of Aliivibrio fischeri

Ecotoxicity assessment was conducted to develop a rapid monitoring system for hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) in marine environments. A total of 24 individual substances (i.e., 10 types of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 6 types of heavy metals, and 8 other water pollutants) were evaluated with the Microtox bioassay technique adopting Aliivibrio fischeri based on exposure times of 5, 15, and 30 minutes. The EC50 (30 min) for VOCs was measured across a diverse concentration range of 5.26 to 70,710.70 mg·L^-1. For heavy metals, the EC50 (30 min) was measured in the range of 0.08 to 53.59 mg·L^-1. For water pollutants, the EC50 was also determined in the range of 13.34 to 615.57 mg·L^-1. In all cases, it was observed that as the contact time increased, the EC50 decreased, which indicated higher sensitivity in toxicity detection. Except for a few cases, a contact time of 5 minutes was sufficient to ensure satisfactory sensitivity in toxicity detection. Further research under various conditions, interference factors, and mixed toxicity could provide foundational data for establishing a real-time HNS monitoring system.