A dynamic mid-crustal magma domain revealed by the 2023 to 2024 Sundhnúksgígar eruptions in Iceland
Mid-crustal magma domains are the source of many basaltic eruptions. Lavas from individual eruptions are often chemically homogeneous, suggesting that they derive from single, well-mixed magma reservoirs. The 2023 to 2024 eruptions at Sundhnúksgígar in the Svartsengi volcanic system in Iceland provide an opportunity to observe the behavior of a mid-crustal magma domain at high spatial and temporal resolution by detailed sampling and geochemical characterization. We observed substantial mantle-derived geochemical variability in the products erupted in the first hours of the December 2023 and January, February, and March to May 2024 eruptions, indicating that the eruptions derived from multiple magma reservoirs, which mineral-melt equilibration pressures place in the mid crust. The unusual presence of geochemical heterogeneity in the mid-crustal magma domain provides insights into how dynamic and complex mid-crustal magma domains can be.
Authors
- Guðmundur H. Guðfinnsson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3275-9866)
- Olgeir Sigmarsson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0639-6187)
- Enikö Bali (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7289-6393)
- Araksan Ahmed Aden
- Edward W. Marshall (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0893-3038)
- Jóhann Gunnarsson‐Robin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0594-0950)
- Chantal Bosq
- Simon Matthews (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1796-9662)
- Vincent Drouin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5340-0484)
- Rebekka Hlín Rúnarsdóttir
- Alberto Caracciolo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1416-9301)
- Nicolas Levillayer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5544-491X)
- Gro B. M. Pedersen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1626-0822)
- Sæmundur A. Halldórsson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9311-7704)
- Delphine Auclair (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8339-7212)
- Bryndís Ýr Gísladóttir (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6933-6210)
- Sóley M. Johnson
- Noëmi Löw (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3899-8360)
- Heini Merrill
- Sveinbjörn Steinþórsson
Institutions
- University of Iceland (IS)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Université Clermont Auvergne (FR)
- Icelandic Meteorological Office (IS)
- Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (FR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Science
- Published
- 2024-09-26
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adp8778
- Citations
- 19
- Primary Topic
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 10.15