Seismogenic model of the 2023 MW5.5 Pingyuan earthquake in North China Plain and its tectonic implications

The 6 August 2023 M W 5.5 Pingyuan earthquake is the largest earthquake in the central North China Plain (NCP) over the past two decades. Due to the thick sedimentary cover, no corresponding active faults have been reported yet in the epicenter area. Thus, this earthquake presents a unique opportunity to delve into the buried active faults beneath the NCP. By integrating strong ground motion records, high-precision aftershock sequence relocation, and focal mechanism solutions, we gain insights into the seismotectonics of the Pingyuan earthquake. The aftershocks are clustered at depths ranging from 15 to 20 km and delineate a NE-SW trend, consistent with the distribution of ground motion records. A NE-SW nodal plane (226°) of the focal mechanism solutions is also derived from regional waveform inversion, suggesting that the mainshock was dominated by strike-slip motion with minor normal faulting component. Integrating regional geological data, we propose that an unrecognized fault between the NE-SW trending Gaotang and Lingxian-Yangxin faults is the seismogenic fault of this event. Based on the S-wave velocity structure beneath the NCP, this fault probably extends into the lower crust with a high angle. Considering the tectonic regime and stress state, we speculate that the interplay of shear strain between the Amurian and South China blocks and the hot upwelling magma from the subducted paleo Pacific flat slab significantly contributed to the generation of the Pingyuan earthquake.