Recommender systems based on neuro-symbolic knowledge graph embeddings encoding first-order logic rules

Abstract In this paper, we present a knowledge-aware recommendation model based on neuro-symbolic graph embeddings that encode first-order logic rules . Our approach is based on the intuition that is the basis of neuro-symbolic AI systems: to combine deep learning and symbolic reasoning in one single model, in order to take the best out of both the paradigms. To this end, we start from a knowledge graph (KG) encoding information about users, ratings, and descriptive properties of the items and we design a model that combines background knowledge encoded in logical rules mined from the KG with explicit knowledge encoded in the triples of the KG itself to obtain a more precise representation of users and items. Specifically, our model is based on the combination of: (i) a rule learner that extracts first-order logic rules based on the information encoded in the knowledge graph; (ii) a graph embedding module, that jointly learns a vector space representation of users and items based on the triples encoded in the knowledge graph and the rules previously extracted; (iii) a recommendation module that uses the embeddings to feed a deep learning architecture that provides users with top-k recommendations. In the experimental section, we evaluate the effectiveness of our strategy on three datasets, and the results show that the combination of knowledge graph embeddings and first-order logic rules led to an improvement in the predictive accuracy and in the novelty of the recommendations. Moreover, our approach overcomes several competitive baselines, thus confirming the validity of our intuitions.