Analyzing Prefabricated Components Supply Chain Cooperation Patterns with Multiparty Dynamics Using Evolutionary Game Theory

Prefabricated construction has gained traction in sustainable construction practices. As a modular construction method, the prefabricated component (PC) supply chain involves key participants—producer, transporter, and assembler—operating in a point-to-point cooperation pattern (i.e., single project–single producer–single transporter). However, a disparity in resource allocation between the supply and demand sides leads to inefficiencies within the PC supply chain. Thus, this paper introduces the platform service pattern concept combined with evolutionary game theory, constructing a tripartite evolutionary game model to analyze the dynamic evolution mechanism of their behavioral strategies. Extending from a point-to-point cooperation pattern, this paper analyzes a multi-to-multi network structure (i.e., multiple projects–multiple producers–multiple transporters) and utilizes evolutionary game theory to simulate a stakeholder’s strategies. Beyond maximizing the economic profits, we also include sustainable objectives into consideration, and we explore how project and environmental subsidies impact multiparty collaborations and their strategy selections. Specifically, three prefabricated components supply chain cooperation patterns (PCSCCPs) with multiparty dynamics are derived: standardized PC supply chain cooperation pattern (ST-PCSCCP), green and standardized PC supply chain cooperation pattern (GS-PCSCCP), and mixed PC supply chain cooperation pattern (MX-PCSCCP). They are developed and compared by using empirical data for model parameter selections. The results show that all patterns achieved simultaneous production and transportation for multiple project orders and all ensure that construction projects meet sustainability requirements. Additionally, MX-PCSCCP requires the minimum subsidies.