Triphenyltin induced oxidative damage in sea urchin Glyptocidaris crenularis

Triphenyltin (TPT), a widely distributed organotin compound, presents considerable environmental risks, especially within aquatic ecosystems. To assess the repercussions of TPT exposure on oxidative status indicators in sea urchin <i>Glyptocidaris crenularis</i>, we examined malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), and the activities of pivotal antioxidative enzymes. Results revealed significant lipid peroxidation, evidenced by elevated MDA levels in G. crenularis. Concurrently, T-AOC was markedly compromised, implying depletion in the capacity of <i>Glyptocidaris crenularis</i> to scavenge free radicals. The activities of Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were notably modified following exposure to TPT in <i>Glyptocidaris crenularis</i>, indicating that oxidative injury was induced by TPT. GPX activity was increased at higher TPT concentration groups. Meanwhile, SOD and CAT activities decreased across all TPT exposure levels, underscoring a diminished detoxification capacity in <i>Glyptocidaris crenularis</i>. These findings suggest that TPT induces oxidative damage in <i>Glyptocidaris crenularis</i>, disrupting lipid integrity and impairing the antioxidative defense mechanisms.