Impacts of binary chemical reaction with activation energy on MHD thermally radiating blood based hybrid nanofluid flow through shrinking-stenotic artery: Entropy generation and stability analysis

This study investigates numerically the heat and mass transport with entropy generation of MHD human blood as a hybrid nanofluid at the surface of a porous stenotic shrinking artery in the presence of velocity slip and convective boundary conditions. This study aims to examine the influence of thermal radiation and binary chemical reactions with activation energy by adopting gold and silver nanoparticles as nanomaterials for drug delivery as they exhibit potential drug transport and imaging properties for treating stenosed arteries. Initially formulated as partial differential equations (PDEs), the model is adeptly transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via established similarity transformations. Subsequently, a numerical solution employing the bvp4c built-in solver in MATLAB mathematical software unravels crucial physical quantities’ behaviors across various parameter configurations. Remarkably, this study reveals the presence of two potential solutions due to the contracting of the artery, among which only one exhibits physical stability. Dual solutions can only be found within the critical values of suction ( S λ ) parameters. The critical values S λ from computation are 2.1850, 2.1318 for Au /Blood nanofluid, and Au − Ag /Blood hybrid nanofluid, respectively. Also, the stability of blood flow is achieved by finding the lowest eigenvalue. A minimum eigenvalue ( β 1 ) that is positive denotes the upper stable solution branch, whereas a minimal eigenvalue that is negative indicates the bottom unstable solution branch. Notably, the findings underscore the efficacy of enlarging velocity and thermal conductance in the presence of gold and silver nanoparticles. A noteworthy finding of this study reveals that elevated thermal radiation and thermal Biot number significantly increase the temperature within the hybrid blood nanofluid system, highlighting the role of these parameters in thermal management within the circulatory system. Also, increasing the curvature parameter, activation energy, and concentration Biot number enhances blood concentration in the stenosed artery. However, opposite effects are observed with increasing Schmidt number and binary chemical reaction parameter in the first stable solution branch, indicating a delicate balance in optimizing these parameters. The entropy through the blood flow was found to increase with the magnetic field, the curvature of the artery, and thermal radiation. These results benefit the human circulatory system and may help prevent heart attacks.