Dose-Dependent Induction of Differential Seizure Phenotypes by Pilocarpine in Rats: Considerations for Translational Potential

<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Pilocarpine is used in experimental studies for testing antiepileptic drugs, but further characterization of this model is essential for its usage in testing novel drugs. The aim of our study was to study the behavioral and EEG characteristics of acute seizures caused by different doses of pilocarpine in rats. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: Male Wistar rats were treated with a single intraperitoneal dose of 100 mg/kg (P100), 200 mg/kg (P200), or 300 mg/kg (P300) of pilocarpine, and epileptiform behavior and EEG changes followed within 4 h. <i>Results</i>: The intensity and the duration of seizures were significantly higher in P300 vs. the P200 and P100 groups, with status epilepticus dominating in P300 and self-limiting tonic-clonic seizures in the P200 group. The seizure grade was significantly higher in P200 vs. the P100 group only during the first hour after pilocarpine application. The latency of seizures was significantly shorter in P300 and P200 compared with P100 group. <i>Conclusions</i>: Pilocarpine (200 mg/kg) can be used as a suitable model for the initial screening of potential anti-seizure medications, while at a dose of 300 mg/kg, it can be used for study of the mechanisms of epileptogenesis.