Clinical Efficacy of Drug-coated Balloons Applied during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of using drug-coated balloon (DCB) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for unstable angina (UA). Methods: 97 patients with UA treated in the Twelfth People’s Hospital of Guangzhou between August 2019 and June 2023 were selected, all of whom underwent PCI. Random number table grouping, 49 cases in the experimental group were treated with DCB during the operation; 48 cases in the reference group were treated with drug-coated stent (DSE) implantation during the operation, comparing the cardiac function indexes, prognostic indexes, quality of life scores, and adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in the 2 groups. Results: There was no difference in the cardiac function indexes between the two groups when comparing preoperative and 6 months postoperative (P > 0.05). In the immediate postoperative period and 1 year postoperatively, there was no difference in the comparison of reference vessel diameter (RVD) and minimum lumen diameter (MLD) between the two groups (P > 0.05); the level of late lumen loss in the experimental group was lower than that in the reference group (P < 0.05). Preoperatively, there was no difference in the comparison of quality of life scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). At 1 year postoperatively, the quality of life score of the experimental group was higher than that of the reference group (P < 0.05). The incidence of MACE in the experimental group was lower than that in the reference group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of DCB therapy and DSE implantation in PCI can enhance the cardiac function of patients with UA, improve the levels of RVD and MLD, and prevent luminal restenosis, improve the postoperative quality of life, and have a high therapeutic safety.