An overview of different chemical fertilizers’ applications on the agronomic performance (growth and yield) and quality parameters of rice (Oryza sativa) crop

Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers causes leaching, denitrification, runoff, and volatilization, among other issues. However, nanotechnology, which releases nutrients through nanoparticles, solves these issues. It is the most economical and successful. With the use of nanotechnology, plants can receive nutrients in a regulated way. Nutrients are essential for plants' growth and development. There are seventeen essential nutrients in all, which were divided into two groups: macronutrients and micronutrients. These were divided into three “R” concepts, i.e., right dose, right place, and right way of application. The administration of balanced nutrients is essential for the best possible growth, development, and yield from plants. The three main nutrients that plants need are N, P, and K, but overuse of fertilizers too quickly depletes soil fertility and pollutes the environment. It lessens the plants' requirement for nutrients, reduces pollution in the environment, and reduces the issues brought on by the conventional use of fertilizers. Rice is the primary energy source for 60% of the world's population. Since 2017, rice output has increased rapidly and is significant in nutrition and food security sources. The present review discusses the effect of different nutrients on the agronomic performance of rice in various studies.