Productivity of early- and mid-maturing potato varieties from the collection of vavilov all-russian institute of plant genetic resources (VIR) in Moscow oblast

In this study, we tested 29 early- and mid-maturing potato varieties from the collection of N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in order to select promising varieties for agriculture and breeding. Experiments were conducted in the Moscow Oblast in 2020-2022. The ‘Udacha’ variety was used as a reference. The data on the mass and number of tubers per bush, as well as the share of marketable tubers, were obtained. The productivity of varieties was assessed in terms of their adaptability (Cad), plasticity (bi), stability (s2 d), and PUSS. On average, during the period of three years, nine varieties (‘Lina’, ‘Bashkirskij’, ‘Irbitskij N’, ‘Tanaj N’, ‘Gulliver N’, ‘Virazh N’, ‘Babushka’, ‘Kemerovchanin’, and k-25431 ‘Mestnyj’) exceeded the reference values in terms of the total and marketable productivity; fi ve varieties (‘Samba’, ‘Russkij Suvenir’, k-25430 ‘Mestnyj’, ‘Zhigulevskij’, and ‘Antonina’) showed the highest yield of marketable tubers per bush. All 14 varieties were characterized by high adaptability (Cad within the range of 1.0-1.7), out of which seven varieties (‘Lina’, ‘Bashkirskij’, ‘Tanaj N’, ‘Gulliver N’, ‘Virazh N’, ‘Kemerovchanin’, k-25431 ‘Mestnyj’) were characterized by a high plasticity (bi within the range of 1.1–1.6). The ‘Babushka’ variety was distinguished by the stability (s2 d = 0.01) of total and marketable productivity. ‘Kemerovchanin’ maximally exceeded the reference variety in terms of the PUSS criterion of total and marketable productivity (by 126 and 101%, respectively). On average, over the period of three years, the ‘Kemerovchanin’ and k-25431 ‘Mestnyj’ varieties showed the maximum indicators of total (1.1 kg per bush) and marketable (0.7 kg per bush) productivity; however, it was ‘Kemerovchanin’ that exceeded the reference values annually. The ‘Kemerovchanin’ variety annually exceeded the reference values in terms of marketability, size, and number of tubers per bush; moreover, it demonstrated a high evenness of the size of marketable tubers. The k-25431 ‘Mestnyj’ was characterized by the highest number of tubers per bush: on average, 18.1 pcs. over three years, including marketable tubers in the number of 8.2 pcs. On average, over three years, the ‘Gulliver’ variety stood out in terms of tuber size. The average tuber weight in the total yield and its marketable portion was 111.6 and 133.1 g, respectively.