Assessing the effects of dockless bicycle-sharing on docked bicycle-sharing usage: Evidence from Xi’an, China

Dockless bicycle-sharing system substantially impacts the present docked bicycle-sharing usage in the urban transportation system. This study explores such effects using usage data of docked bicycle-sharing systems in Xi’an before and after launching the dockless bicycle-sharing system. The influence period is divided into the no-influence stage, transition stage, and stabilization stage. The hotspot analysis method is employed to identify the most influenced areas. The geographically weighted regression model is then revised to determine the response of socioeconomic factors considering the launches of the dockless bicycle-sharing system. The results reveal that the critical impact of the dockless bicycle-sharing system on the docked system. Specifically, the weekly usage share of docked bicycle-sharing declined ranged from 0.51 % to 41.4 % in transition stage. Furthermore, population density, job density, per capita income, and per capita GDP are identified as the key contributing factors based on spatial analysis, where for each 1 % increase in the four indicators, docked bicycle-sharing system’s usage decreases by 1.014 %, 1.182 %, 2.021 %, and 0.904 %, respectively.