TH1 Cell Frequency and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Hemodialysis: Potential Contributions to Patient Monitoring

<b>Introduction:</b> Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) often exhibit an impaired cellular immune response, which may contribute to an increased susceptibility to infections and other complications. Th1 cells, a subset of T-helper cells, play a crucial role in cellular immunity. However, the modulation of Th1 cells by HD treatment remains unclear. <b>Objective:</b> This study aims to investigate the levels of circulating T cells, especially Th1 cells, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in HD patients. <b>Methods</b>: We recruited 26 HD patients and 10 healthy volunteers. Demographical data were collected, and peripheral blood samples were analyzed. Absolute blood cell counts were determined, and T-cell populations were identified using flow cytometry. Th1 cells were defined as IFN-γ-producing CD4⁺ T cells after in vitro activation, and NLR was calculated through the ratio between the neutrophil and lymphocyte counts measured in peripheral blood. <b>Results:</b> We have observed a significant decrease in Th1 subpopulation frequency in HD patients, as well as significant correlations between immunological and demographic parameters, among which are the NLR values and the absolute values of T-cell subsets. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results seem to clarify the role of Th1 cells in modulating the immune responses of hemodialysis-treated patients, potentially considering its frequency as an indicator for CKD development.