Innovative Design of a Continuous Ultrasound Bath for Effective Lignocellulosic Biomass Pretreatment Based on a Theorical Method

Ultrasonic pretreatment is a crucial step in the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass, such as peapods, into valuable products. Ultrasonic pretreatment is a highly effective physical method that utilizes ultrasonic waves to enhance various processes. Biomass pretreatment is achieved through physical effects such as acoustic cavitation, which disrupts the biomass structure, and chemical effects like radical formation, which breaks down complex molecules. This article focuses on the characteristics, types, and applications of ultrasonic pretreatment in peapods, with a particular emphasis on its role in lignin removal and ultrasound design. An innovative mechanical design in a CAD application of a continuous ultrasound treatment with a capacity of 5 L and an FEA analysis of the equipment are presented as results, providing insights for the design and optimization of ultrasonic pretreatment processes.