Clinical and laboratory profiles of dengue fever subtypes in a tertiary care hospital in India: A retrospective study

Dengue fever is a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes and manifests in different forms, ranging from classic dengue fever to more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever. : This study studies demographic, virological, clinical, hematological, and biochemical data, of dengue patient and their relationship with dengue fever type. This study analyzed data from 178 confirmed cases of dengue infection in a tertiary care hospital Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, India. Demographic data, clinical presentations, dengue serotypes, and biochemical and hematological profiles were collected and analyzed to understand the distribution of dengue virus serotypes and the severity of clinical manifestations. The majority of patients were young males, with a mean age of 27 years. The prevalence of DENV-2 was significantly higher than that of the other serotypes, indicating its dominant circulation within the study population. The clinical features included fever (100%), headache (92.70%), myalgia (84.83%), and nausea/vomiting (64.61%). Hematological abnormalities were prevalent, including anemia (42.20% in males and 33.33% in females), thrombocytopenia (67.97%), and neutropenia (21.91%). Biochemical profiles showed elevated liver enzyme levels, with 75.84% of patients having elevated alanine aminotransferase levels. The results also showed that, as the severity of dengue fever increased, there were notable changes in hematological and biochemical parameters, such as decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet counts, elevated liver enzymes, bilirubin, and markers of renal function. This study underscores the critical need for targeted public health strategies in regions with a high prevalence of DENV-2, and the importance of specific clinical markers in managing and predicting the progression of dengue. These insights could guide therapeutic interventions and public health measures, ultimately reducing disease burden.