Effects of Alternative Stress of Drought–Flood on Summer Maize Growth and Yield

The present study aims to assess the responses of growth, development, and yield of summer maize to the effects of drought–flood abrupt alternation through comparative tests under single flood, single-drought, and drought–flood abrupt alternation treatments with varying degrees from the elongation to the tasseling stage during the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons. In addition, a water production function model for summer maize was preliminarily established based on the results obtained under the drought–flood abrupt alternation scenarios. The results indicated that drought–flood abrupt alternation with early moderate drought had a certain restricting effect on summer maize, while early moderate drought followed by waterlogging had a compensation effect on the cultivated summer maize. Furthermore, both mild and severe drought followed by waterlogging exert a significant combined constraint on the normal growth and development of summer maize, leading to a sharp decline in maize yield, necessitating a shorter timeframe for mitigating and reducing the effects of waterlogging. Additionally, the water production function model established through a multiple linear regression equation exhibits a high degree of fit and demonstrates a strong linear relationship. This study provides crucial insights for agricultural practices and water resource management strategies, particularly in the evaluation of the integrated impacts of drought and waterlogging on crop yields and the formulation of effective disaster risk reduction and mitigation measures in response to these impacts.