Antidiabetic impact of novel sophorolipids produced via microbial conversion of Moringa oleifera and Lepidium sativum oil cakes utilizing locally isolated yeast strains in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats: role of glucagon-like peptide-1

Background One of the top ten causes of mortality all over the world is diabetes mellitus. Egypt in particular, has one of the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the world Objective The purpose of this work is to produce sophorolipids (SLs) economically through microbial conversion of agro-industrial wastes namely Moringa oleifera (MO) and Lepidium sativum (LS) oil cakes using locally isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica , respectively. Finally, the produced SLs will be investigated for their potential use as antihyperglycemic drugs in diabetic rats. Patients and methods The SLs were structurally characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen-1 proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and LC-MS/MS. Then the hypoglycemic impact of the produced SLs was evaluated through an experiment on 30 male Wistar albino rats grouped into four diabetic groups induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of streptozotocin; a control positive group, a diabetic group + reference drug (metformin), a diabetic group + MO-SLs and a diabetic group + LS-SLs and the experiment lasted for 4 weeks. Results and conclusion The yield of MO-SLs was 18.6 g/100 g substrate. While LS-SLs had a higher yield (43.6 g/100 g substrate). The MO-SLs declined surface tension of water to 38 mN/m at 60 mg/L critical micelle concentration however, LS-SLs levels were 46 mN/m at 50 mg/L. The chemical characterization of MO-SLs indicated the presence of lactonic and acidic forms of SLs and the LS-SLs confirmed the presence of lactonic form only. Data obtained for the hypoglycemic effect revealed that both extracts have a positive impact on the studied biochemical parameters with the best results recorded for body weight change, fasting blood glucose, alanine transaminase, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 for the diabetic group receiving LS-SLs followed by the reference drug, then the MO-SLs group. The results of biochemical markers were confirmed by the histopathological examinations showing the efficiency of the produced LS-SLs in decreasing the fasting blood glucose level.