Exploring domestic cat welfare: Gaps, challenges, and the role of zoosemiotics in feline well-being

This article investigates the welfare of domestic cats by adopting a zoosemiotic perspective. It gives a broad picture of animal welfare in general and contextualizes studies conducted on cats within this, revealing differences in research foci compared to dogs. However, the main focus lies on the complexities of human– cat relationships and societal perceptions, which belong to the realm of ethological and anthropological zoosemiotics. Thus, we emphasize the importance of an integrated approach in comprehensive welfare assessments. Key factors such as increased human–cat interaction, societal constraints, and subjective experiences emerge as significant influences on cat welfare. Collaboration between veterinarians and behaviourists is encouraged, alongside with increased education of cat caregivers. Taking this line is supported by information gathered from interviews we conducted with Czech cat behaviourists. The article suggests a paradigm shift in research methodologies, proposing the use of zoosemiotic theories to comprehend alloanimal agency in general and cats’ agency in particular to enhance their well-being. The study’s goal is to identify the existing gaps and controversies in cat welfare literature (e.g. contradictions in devising best keeping conditions, insufficient education concerning cat welfare) by analysing relevant and recent studies in this field. Additionally, we aim to improve understanding of cat welfare as a complex phenomenon, and, with the help of zoosemiotics (umwelt theory and critical anthropomorphism), promote a comprehensive approach to the welfare of household cats in human-dominated environments.