Non-invasive muscle-machine interface open source project: wearable hand myoelectrical orthosis (MES-FES)

The paper describes the development of an open-source, low-cost, wearable hand myoelectrical orthosis (neuro-orthosis) device for people with hand disabilities. The device uses functional electrical stimulation (FES) driven by myoelectrical signals (MES) to assist hand movements, enabling users to perform daily activities with greater ease and independence. The device comprises a forearm-wearable device developed using the 3D additive manufacturing principle, allowing user customization. Fixed non-disposable electrodes are attached to the myoelectrical orthosis, aiding the correct positioning for the user. The whole control system is stand-alone, and parameters can be controlled by Bluetooth communication, making the device wireless. The paper describes the MES-FES device's design, development, and testing, including its technical specifications, usability, and effectiveness. The open-source project aims to provide an accessible and affordable solution for people with spinal cord lesions while contributing to the growing research on noninvasive muscle-machine interfaces.