Evaluation of Biodentine Tricalcium Silicate-Based Cement after Chlorhexidine Irrigation

The effectiveness of biocements applied in specialistic endodontic procedures can be influenced by multiple factors, including the postplacement chemical action of the irrigating solution. This in vitro study aimed to assess the impact of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate on the surface structure and chemical composition of Biodentine as a perforation repair cement. A total of 54 Biodentine specimens were prepared with strict adherence to the manufacturer’s instructions and irrigated with 2% chlorhexidine with or without ultrasonic activation. The material specimens were divided into three setting-time-based groups: group A—rinsed after 12 min of setting, group B—after 45 min, and group C—after 24 h. The control group was not subjected to any irrigation protocol. The evaluation of the microappearance of biocement surface was performed with the aid of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The chemical composition of Biodentine was analyzed with the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) method. The SEM images of the specimens in group B and C revealed a heterogeneous and layered surface morphology. The EDS results are comparable between pairs of cement specimens in both groups: after 5 min and 20 min CHX irrigation as well as after 5 min and 20 min ultrasonically activated CHX irrigation. To conclude, the 12 min Biodentine setting time is not recommended when used in perforation closure. Irrigation protocol involving 2% chlorhexidine visibly affected the tested material surface. The EDS results did not confirm any significant changes in Biodentine chemical composition. Further research is required to analyze the influence of the observed changes on the outcome of the endodontic treatment.