XENONnT analysis: Signal reconstruction, calibration, and event selection

The XENONnT experiment, located at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy, features a 5.9 tonne liquid xenon time projection chamber surrounded by an instrumented neutron veto, all of which is housed within a muon veto water tank. Because of extensive shielding and advanced purification to mitigate natural radioactivity, an exceptionally low background level of <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mrow><a:mo stretchy="false">(</a:mo><a:mn>15.8</a:mn><a:mo>±</a:mo><a:mn>1.3</a:mn><a:mo stretchy="false">)</a:mo><a:mtext> </a:mtext><a:mtext> </a:mtext><a:mi>events</a:mi><a:mo>/</a:mo><a:mo stretchy="false">(</a:mo><a:mi>tonne</a:mi><a:mo>·</a:mo><a:mi>year</a:mi><a:mo>·</a:mo><a:mi>keV</a:mi><a:mo stretchy="false">)</a:mo></a:mrow></a:math> in the (1,30) keV region is reached in the inner part of the time projection chamber. XENONnT is, thus, sensitive to a wide range of rare phenomena related to dark matter and neutrino interactions, both within and beyond the Standard Model of particle physics, with a focus on the direct detection of dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles. From May 2021 to December 2021, XENONnT accumulated data in rare-event search mode with a total exposure of one <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><g:mrow><g:mi>tonne</g:mi><g:mo>·</g:mo><g:mi>year</g:mi></g:mrow></g:math>. This paper provides a detailed description of the signal reconstruction methods, event selection procedure, and detector response calibration, as well as an overview of the detector performance in this time frame. This work establishes the foundational framework for the “blind analysis” methodology we are using when reporting XENONnT physics results.

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Journal
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Published
2025-03-24
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.062006
Citations
11
Primary Topic
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
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article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
20.57

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XENONnT analysis: Signal reconstruction, calibration, and event selection

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11 citations
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
20.57
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XENONnT analysis: Signal reconstruction, calibration, and event selection

M. Kara, K. Miuchi, F. Lombardi, G. Plante, K. Martens, C. Hils, L. J. Levinson, J. R. Angevaare, S. Moriyama, E. Aprile, Y. Itow, C. Wittweg, K. Eitel, F. Gao, R. Glade-Beucke, R. Budnik, J. Grigat, J. Schreiner, J. Qin, E. Masson, A. Molinario, Peter Schulte, J. J. Cuenca-García, M. Pierre, F. Kuger, L. Althueser, C. Fuselli, L. Baudis, E. Angelino, K. Liu, Y. Mosbacher, V.H.S Wu, A. Kopec, Samiran Ghosh, A. Terliuk, M. Flierman, P. Di Gangi, A. Bismark, A. Elykov, M. Galloway, W. Fulgione, J. Loizeau, Jianhan Qi, A. D. Ferella, L. Hoetzsch, P Gaemers, F. Arneodo, D. Xu, M. Iacovacci, K. Morå, M. Guida, R Giacomobono, C. Peters, K Abe, Lingzhi Yang, S. Li, M. P. Decowski, Q. Pellegrini, L. Manenti, Y. Xing, A. Higuera, I. Sarnoff, S. Mastroianni, A. Deisting, J. Masbou, Fabrizio Marignetti, S. Ahmed Maouloud, D. Ramírez García, J. Aalbers, A. P. Colijn, J. M. R. Cardoso, M. Selvi, G. Bruno, S. Vecchi, R. F. Lang, G Trinchero, D. Schulte, Yanyuan Ma, K. Ni, D. Thers, V. D’Andrea, N. F. Hood, M. Bazyk, Y Kaminaga, D. Wenz, J.M.F. dos Santos, G. Zavattini, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, R. Biondi, B. Paetsch, T. R. Pollmann, S. Liang, P. Kavrigin, S Lindemann, M. Schümann, J. A. M. Lopes, F Joerg, D. Antón Martin, T.C. Luce, L. Bellagamba, M. Lindner, F. Tönnies, Andrew J. Brown, C. Tunnell, Jon F. Merz, K. Valerius, A. P. Cimental Chávez, U. Oberlack, L. Grandi, R. Peres, L Principe, M Rajado, T Flehmke, A Melchiorre, R Hammann, M. Messina, S. Shi, H. Fischer, M. Silva, M. Yamashita, P.-L. Tan, Jan Conrad, A. Mancuso, F. Toschi, A Michael, C. Macolino, J. Pienaar, K Boese, H. Landsman, C. Weinheimer, D Koke, L. C. Daniel Garcia, I. Li, H. Schulze Eißing, J. Jakob, M. Zhong, F. Semeria, A. Takeda, J. Mahlstedt, G. Volta, G. Sartorelli, P. Shagin, S. Diglio, J. Müller, M. Murra, R. Gaïor, H. Simgen, R Singh, L. Scotto Lavina, F. I. Villazon Solar, L. Escudero Sanchez, Ye J, S. Kazama, H. Guan, J. Shi, C Di Donato, C. Ferrari, B. Andrieu, P Gyorgy, S Vetter, Z. Xu, M. Kobayashi, Y.-T. Lin, L. Yuan, J. Long, Y. Pan
article en
11 citations

Abstract

The XENONnT experiment, located at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy, features a 5.9 tonne liquid xenon time projection chamber surrounded by an instrumented neutron veto, all of which is housed within a muon veto water tank. Because of extensive shielding and advanced purification to mitigate natural radioactivity, an exceptionally low background level of <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mrow><a:mo stretchy="false">(</a:mo><a:mn>15.8</a:mn><a:mo>±</a:mo><a:mn>1.3</a:mn><a:mo stretchy="false">)</a:mo><a:mtext> </a:mtext><a:mtext> </a:mtext><a:mi>events</a:mi><a:mo>/</a:mo><a:mo stretchy="false">(</a:mo><a:mi>tonne</a:mi><a:mo>·</a:mo><a:mi>year</a:mi><a:mo>·</a:mo><a:mi>keV</a:mi><a:mo stretchy="false">)</a:mo></a:mrow></a:math> in the (1,30) keV region is reached in the inner part of the time projection chamber. XENONnT is, thus, sensitive to a wide range of rare phenomena related to dark matter and neutrino interactions, both within and beyond the Standard Model of particle physics, with a focus on the direct detection of dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles. From May 2021 to December 2021, XENONnT accumulated data in rare-event search mode with a total exposure of one <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><g:mrow><g:mi>tonne</g:mi><g:mo>·</g:mo><g:mi>year</g:mi></g:mrow></g:math>. This paper provides a detailed description of the signal reconstruction methods, event selection procedure, and detector response calibration, as well as an overview of the detector performance in this time frame. This work establishes the foundational framework for the “blind analysis” methodology we are using when reporting XENONnT physics results.

Physical review. D/Physical review. D.Vol. 111(6)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE), University of Fribourg (CH), Stockholm University (SE), University of Groningen (NL), Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE), University of Ferrara (IT), University of Zurich (CH), Purdue University West Lafayette (US), University of Münster (DE), University of L'Aquila (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (IT), Westlake University (CN), University of California San Diego (US), Sorbonne Université (FR), University of Chicago (US), National Institute for Subatomic Physics (NL), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (IT), Gran Sasso Science Institute (IT), Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (DE), Laboratoire Médiations (FR), Weizmann Institute of Science (IL), New York University (US), Nagoya University (JP), Kobe University (JP), Rice University (US), The University of Tokyo (JP), University of Coimbra (PT), Columbia University (US), University of Amsterdam (NL), University of Bologna (IT), Nantes Université (FR), Tsinghua University (CN)
National Science Foundation, Kavli Foundation, University of Chicago, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, European Commission, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Weizmann Institute of Science, United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse, Tsinghua University, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Conseil Régional des Pays de la Loire, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions
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