Extract of Bitter Melon <i>Citrullus colocynthis</i> Leaves as a Promising Insecticide against the Grain Wheat Aphid <i>Schizaphis graminum</i>

This study aimed to evaluate the biological effect of bitter melon Citrullus colocynthis leaf extracts on the mortality using hot water and organic solvent extracts (ethyl alcohol, hexane) effects on the nymph, winged, and nonwinged adults of the wheat grain aphid Schizaphis graminum were evaluated. Results indicated that the ethyl alcohol extract is more effective than the hexane and hot water extracts on mortality rates. The highest mortality rate of the nymphs was caused by the ethyl alcohol extracts (75.63, 59.20, and 53.49%) at a concentration of 0.7 g/ ℓ, respectively.