Investigation of Innovative High-Response Piezoelectric Actuator Used as Smart Actuator–Sensor System

This paper presents an experimental analysis of a high-response piezoelectric actuator system for the modular design of hydraulic digital fluid control units. It focuses on determining static and dynamic characteristics, forming the basis for developing a smart Industry 4.0 component that incorporates both actuator and sensor function. The design process examines the main challenges, advantages, disadvantages, and working principles to define parameters that impact the actuator’s behaviour and performance. The new piezoelectric actuator system features three piezoelectric stack actuators in series, enabling simultaneous actuation and sensing by applying and measuring the electrical voltage at each piezo element. The experimental setup and test methodology are explained in detail, revealing that the new design, combined with an appropriate open-loop or closed-loop control method, offers superior actuator stroke control, high stroke resolution, and a high-dynamic step response. This paper proposes a concept of a smart piezo actuator system focused on I4.0 and an actuator administration shell, integrated with 5G and RFID technology, which will allow automatic plug-and-play functionality and efficient interconnection, communication, and data transfer between the hydraulic valve and the piezoelectric actuator system.