Primary Ηypoparathyroidism in a Patient With Sarcoidosis: A Case Report

Sarcoidosis is a complex, multisystem granulomatous disorder with a variable clinical presentation, commonly involving the lungs but potentially affecting any organ system. This case report describes a rare occurrence of primary hypoparathyroidism coexisting with sarcoidosis in a 45-year-old male patient. The patient presented with a chronic cough and progressive breathlessness. Diagnostic imaging and histopathological evaluation confirmed stage 1 sarcoidosis, characterized by non-caseating granulomas and elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels. Surprisingly, the patient also exhibited significant hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and low parathyroid hormone levels, which led to the diagnosis of primary hypoparathyroidism, an unusual finding in the context of sarcoidosis. The patient was treated with corticosteroids for sarcoidosis and calcium supplementation for hypocalcemia, resulting in symptom resolution and normalization of biochemical parameters. This case highlights the importance of considering multiple endocrine disorders, such as hypoparathyroidism, in patients with sarcoidosis, especially when calcium dysregulation is observed. The coexistence of these conditions presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach to patient care.