Smallholder Farmers' Perception of Climate Change and Multiple Adoption of Adaptation Strategies in Côte d'Ivoire

Climate change is a global concern today due to its impacts on all aspects of life. This study analyzes the perceptions of smallholder cocoa farmers on climate change and their subsequent adaptation strategies in the Zanzan district of northeastern Côte d’Ivoire. Data collected from 322 randomly selected smallholder farmers were analyzed using a multivariate Probit. The results indicate that farmers perceive climate change through changes in climatic parameters such as rainfall, temperature and winds. To adapt to these changes, farmers adopt several strategies that are either complementary or substitutable from their point of view. The most widespread adaptation strategies in the study area are fallow, staking, shifting the sowing period and crop rotation. This multiple adoption is linked to several factors including the gender of the producer, his level of education, the possession of cereal crops, the presence of soil restoration programs in the locality. The study recommends strengthening meteorological and climate information systems and disseminating knowledge in order to increase awareness of climate change and integrate adaptation strategies into local management plans.