Development and Validation of a One‐Dimensional Finite Difference Simulation Scheme for Polymer Laser Powder Bed Fusion with Application to the Effect of the Inter Layer Time

The division of the polymer laser powder bed fusion process polymers (PBF‐LB/P) into temporal regimes originating from laser motion, thermal diffusion, viscous flow, crystallization kinetics, and powder application is exploited by considering only the building direction. The reduction of dimensionality enables fast simulations which are used to investigate the influence of the inter layer time on the final part density. Numerical simulation results are validated by experiments using polyamide 12 (PA 12) with good agreement in terms of part density. It is shown that an inter layer time of 90 s leads to nearly dense PA 12 parts while a time of 45 s leads to less dense parts. The cooling effect of the applied powder is identified as a cause for insufficient densification of the previous layer. The simulation tool is quantitatively validated against experimental results for the surface temperature of PA 12 as function of scan speed and hatch distance, for the melt pool depth of polyamide 6 as function of scan speed and for the melt pool depth of polyetherketoneketone as function of laser power. The presented simulation method enables rapid process parameter adjustment for new polymer materials in the PBF‐LB/P process.