The Vital Role of Nanoparticles in Enhancing Plant Growth and Development

Nanotechnology has facilitated various applications in food and agricultural industries due to the unique characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs), such as their large surface area, reactivity, tendency to agglomerate, ability to penetrate, and specific size and structure. The exploration of nanoparticles in agriculture is gaining interest because of their ability to minimize the use of chemical fertilizers and significantly enhance plant growth. Several studies have demonstrated NPs’ effects on plants, depending on their size, shape, concentration, coatings, self-aggregate tendency, and stability. Here, we provide an overview of the applications of recently developed nanoparticles, including metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles and carbon-based nanomaterials.