New Obesity Treatment Agent: β-Caryophyllene

Obesity is a pressing global public health challenge, recognized as a major risk factor for chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, and cancer. The rising obesity rates necessitate effective and safe therapeutic interventions. Despite the availability of FDA-approved drugs for long-term weight management, these pharmacological treatments often entail significant side effects and high costs, leading to low patient adherence. Consequently, there is an increasing focus on natural anti-obesity agents. β-caryophyllene (BCP) has emerged as a promising candidate, owing to its broad pharmacological properties. This review critically examines recent advancements in understanding BCP's anti-obesity effects, encompassing in vitro, animal, and clinical studies. Key mechanisms by which BCP exerts its effects include modulation of gut microbiota, enhancement of energy expenditure, regulation of metabolic enzymes, and inhibition of lipid synthesis and absorption. These insights lay the groundwork for the potential development of BCP-based dietary supplements or pharmaceuticals aimed at combating obesity.