Challenges of asthma therapy adherence in adolescents and solutions (literature review)

Introduction . Asthma is a globally significant non-communicable disease with serious public health implications, affecting both children and adults. It includes high morbidity and mortality rates in severe cases. Understanding the reasons for decreased adherence to asthma therapy in adolescents remains a pressing issue for physicians across various specialties. It is important to analyze the challenges faced by young people that lead to ineffective asthma control. Aim . To review the latest literature to understand the driving factors behind non-adherence to treatment regimens in adolescents with asthma, their consequences, and potential solutions to ensure better disease control. Materials and methods . A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Elsevier, Embase, Wiley, and CyberLeninka. The planned search depth was 2019-2024, using keywords: adherence to therapy in adolescents, asthma, therapy control. Results . The literature review discusses the unique aspects of adherence to asthma therapy in adolescence, along with programs and methods successfully used to optimize medical care for adolescents with asthma. Conclusion . The course of asthma during adolescence changes due to various factors: hormonal changes, the child's desire for separation from parents, fear of being different from peers, increased societal and school demands, stress, and psychological characteristics. Consequently, researchers from various countries are developing methods to improve therapy adherence and asthma control, such as educational programs in schools, the use of digital health technologies, and even financial incentives for adolescents. Implementing modern methods to enhance medical care for young people with asthma may help reduce mortality rates in this age group.