Comparative analysis of different LED lamps with reference to EU’s ecodesign and energy labeling regulations in Türkiye

The lighting industry has not been affected by the economic recession caused by the COVID-19 epidemic, achieving a growth rate of 2.5% in 2020. The global lighting market, valued at approximately 118.33 billion USD in 2019, is projected to reach 163.72 billion USD by 2027. China dominates Türkiye's imports of electrical lighting devices with a 49% share, followed by EU countries like Germany, Romania, Italy, the Czech Republic, France, and Poland. As an EU candidate country, Türkiye must align its products with EU regulations, particularly for solid-state lighting equipment. This study examines whether LED lamps available in Türkiye comply with ecodesign regulations, analyzing ten different brands and models. The lamps were tested under the Energy Labeling Regulation (EU) 2019/2015, and photometric analyses were conducted. The results were used in energy efficiency equations from the ecodesign directive, showing that all ten LED lamps fell into the "F" and "G" energy classes under the new label rules. Although the sample size is small, the findings offer technical insights into the compliance of LED lamps in Türkiye with the new energy labeling regulations and serve as a reference for manufacturers aiming to enter the Turkish and EU LED markets.