Political Vigilantism in Ghana: A Threat to National Security and Democratic Processes

The presence of political vigilantism remains a critical challenge to Ghana’s national security, particularly during the electoral period. This paper has investigated political vigilantism focusing on the characteristics and behaviour of structured factions such as the Delta Force and Azorka Boys who purport to be party affiliates. The study utilised a mixed research methodology, involving interviews, surveys, and document analysis, to identify the major determinants that foster the growth of vigilante groups in Ghana. From the study, political violence arises from intense political competition, socio-economic disparities, cultural factors, and weak state structures. Though political vigilantism has violent and non-violent outcomes, all the scenarios have the same implications of undermining public safety, state authority, and public trust in the security agencies. The paper validated these findings using the Delta Force’s attack on a Kumasi court and the 2020 general election chaotic events to show the extent of the problem. It concludes by promoting policy recommendations that strengthen the legal frameworks, enhance the capacity of the law enforcement agencies, ensure political accountability, increase investment in community engagement, and deepen international cooperation. As Ghana approaches the 2024 general elections, the efficacy of these safeguards will be vital in guaranteeing a peaceful, free and fair democratic process.